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Lots of other Scientologist-run businesses and organizations belong to the umbrella organization World Institute of Scientology Enterprises (WISE), which accredits using Hubbard's management teachings, and flows directories of WISE-affiliated services. WISE needs those who want to become Hubbard management consults to complete training in Hubbard's administrative systems; this training can be carried out at any Church of Scientology, or at one of the campuses of the Hubbard College of Administration, which offers an Associate of Applied Science Degree.


Another well-known WISE-affiliated service is e. Republic, a publishing company based in Folsom, California. e. Republic publications consist of Federal government Innovation and Converge publications. The Center for Digital Federal government is a department of e. Republic that was established in 1999 - Scientologists sign up. Web ISP EarthLink was established by Scientologists Sky Dayton and Reed Slatkin as a Scientology business.


This section needs expansion. You can assist by contributing to it. In order to assist in the ongoing growth of Scientology, the Church has actually made efforts to win allies in the kind of powerful or respected people. Though it has actually attained some trustworthiness as a religious beliefs in many nations, Scientology has likewise been explained as both a cult and a business business.


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For example, it has actually been kept in mind to take part in harassment and abuse of civil courts to silence its critics, by recognizing as Level playing field people it perceives as its enemies. In 1979, a number of Scientology members were founded guilty for their participation in the church's Operation Snow White, the biggest theft of government documents in U.S.


Scientologists were also convicted of fraud, murder and tampering with witnesses in French cases, malicious libel versus legal representative Casey Hill and espionage in Canada. In his book World Faiths in America, spiritual scholar Jacob Neusner mentions that Scientology's "high level of presence" might be perceived as "threatening to established social institutions".


From 1952 until 1966, Scientology was administered by an organization called the Hubbard Association of Scientologists (HAS ACTUALLY), developed in Arizona on September 10, 1952. In 1954, the HAS became the HASI (HAS International). The Church of Scientology was integrated in California on February 18, 1954, changing its name to "The Church of Scientology of California" (CSC) in 1956.


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In 1967, the Internal Revenue Service stripped all US-based Scientology entities of their tax exemption, declaring Scientology's activities were industrial and operated for the advantage of Hubbard. Controversy followed the church on those years, however its development continued in the 1960s. New churches were formed in Paris (1959 ), Denmark (1968 ), Sweden (1969 ), and Germany (1970 ).




Centers of Scientology remained check over here in 52 countries by the time the 80s came in and grew to 74 by 1992. The church sued and lost consistently for 26 years attempting to regain its tax-exempt status. The case was eventually settled in 1993, at which time the church paid $12. 5 million to the IRSgreatly less than Internal Revenue Service had initially demandedand the Internal Revenue Service recognized the church as a tax-exempt nonprofit organization.




Scientology cites its tax exemption as evidence the United States federal government accepts it as a faith. In January 2009, elimination of the tax exemption was rated as number 9 in products for the incoming Barack Obama administration to investigate, as determined in a web poll run by the governmental shift team obtaining public input for the incoming administration. define scientology.


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State Department has slammed Western European nations for discrimination against Scientologists in its released yearly International Religious Liberty report, based upon the International Religious Freedom Act of 1998. In some nations Scientology is dealt with legally as an industrial business, and not as a religion or charitable organization. [] In early 2003, in Germany, The Church of Scientology was approved a tax-exemption for the 10% license fees sent to the US. The word Scientology (and numerous associated terms, consisting of L. Ron Hubbard) is a signed up trademark. Religious Innovation Center, the owner of the hallmarks and copyrights, takes a difficult line on people and groups who attempt to utilize it in methods unaffiliated with the main Church (see Scientology and the legal system).


Ron Hubbard selected Mary Sue Hubbard to take control of certain aspects of legal protection for the CoS navigate to this website in 1968 and the Office of The Guardian was created with its head workplace positioned at Saint Hill Manor. Under The Guardian's Office (later on renamed the Office of Unique Affairs or OSA), Church members and contracted personnel from Bureau One later arranged and dedicated among the largest penetration of United States federal firms ever committed by an organization not connected with a foreign government (that is, one such as the KGB).




In the trial which followed the discovery of these activities the prosecution explained their actions as such: The crime dedicated by these accuseds is of a breadth and scope previously unheard of. No structure, office, desk, or file was safe from their snooping and spying. No individual or organization was complimentary from their despicable conspiratorial minds.


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The Church has likewise in the past made use of aggressive tactics in resolving those it sees as attempting to reduce them, referred to as Suppressive Individuals (SPs) first laid out by Hubbard as part of a policy called level playing field. It was under this policy that Paulette Cooper was targeted for having actually authored, a 1970 expositions book about the Church and its founder.


Using blank paper understood to have been handled by Cooper, Scientologists forged bomb threats in her name. When finger prints on them matched hers, the Justice Department started prosecution, which might have sent out Cooper to jail resource for a lengthy term. The Church's plan was found at the very same time as its Operation Snow White actions were revealed.

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